2009 Jul;38(4):448-54. Epub 2009 May 13.
Effects of whole body vibration training on cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength in older individuals (a 1-year randomised controlled trial).
Bogaerts AC, Delecluse C, Claessens AL, Troosters T, Boonen S, Verschueren SM.
Division of Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.
BACKGROUND: whole body vibration (WBV) training appears to be an efficient alternative for conventional resistance training in older individuals. So far, no data exist about the vibratory effect on cardiorespiratory fitness. OBJECTIVES: this randomised controlled trial assessed the effects of 1-year WBV training on cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength in community-dwelling adults over the age of 60. METHODS: a total of 220 adults (mean age 67.1 years) were randomly assigned to a WBV group, fitness group or control group. The WBV group exercised on a vibration platform, and the fitness group performed cardiovascular, resistance, balance and stretching exercises. The control group did not participate in any training. Heart rate was measured during a single WBV session. Peak oxygen uptake (VO(2peak)) and time-to-peak exercise (TPE) were measured during progressive bicycle ergometry. Muscle strength was assessed by a dynamometer. RESULTS: heart rate increased significantly during WBV training. After 1 year, VO(2peak), TPE and muscle strength increased significantly in the WBV and fitness groups. Both training groups improved similarly in VO(2peak) and muscle strength. The fitness group improved significantly more in TPE than the WBV group. CONCLUSION: WBV training in community-dwelling elderly appears to be efficient to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength.
PMID: 19439517 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Maturitas. 2009 May 20;63(1):79-83. Epub 2009 Apr 21.
Whole-body vibration augments resistance training effects on body composition in postmenopausal women.
Fjeldstad C, Palmer IJ, Bemben MG, Bemben DA.
Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, 73019, United States.
Age-related changes in body composition are well-documented with a decrease in lean body mass and a redistribution of body fat generally observed. Resistance training alone has been shown to have positive effects on body composition, however, these benefits may be enhanced by the addition of a vibration stimulus. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 8 months of resistance training with and without whole-body vibration (WBV) on body composition in sedentary postmenopausal women. METHODS: Fifty-five women were assigned to resistance only (RG, n=22), vibration plus resistance (VR, n=21) or non-exercising control (CG, n=12) groups. Resistance training (3 sets 10 repetitions 80% strength) was performed using isotonic weight training equipment and whole-body vibration was done with the use of the power plate (Northbrooke, IL) vibration platform for three times per week for 8 months. Total and regional body composition was assessed from the total body DXA scans at baseline (pre) and after 8 months (post) of training. RESULTS: In the VR group, total % body fat decreased from pre- to post-time points (p<0.05), whereas, the CG group had a significant increase in total % body fat (p<0.05). Both training groups exhibited significant increases in bone free lean tissue mass for the total body, arm and trunk regions from pre to post (p<0.05). CG did not show any changes in lean tissue. CONCLUSION: In older women, resistance training alone and with whole-body vibration resulted in positive body composition changes by increasing lean tissue. However, only the combination of resistance training and whole-body vibration was effective for decreasing percent body fat.
PMID: 19386449 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2009 Jul;134(30):1511-6. Epub 2009 Jul 14.
[Effect of whole body vibration exercise on osteoporotic risk factors]
[Article in German]
von Stengel S, Kemmler W, Mayer S, Engelke K, Klarner A, Kalender WA.
Institut für Medizinische Physik, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg. simon.von.stengel@imp.uni-erlangen.de
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Whole body vibration (WBV) training is a new approach which is currently discussed in the context of reducing the risk of osteoporotic fractures. The study was undertaken to determine the effect of one-year WBV exercise on bone mineral density (BMD) and the number of falls. METHODS: 151 postmenopausal women (68.5 +/- 3.1 years) were randomly assigned to three groups: (1) conventional (multifunctional) training (TG); (2) multifunctional training including WBV (VTG); (3) wellness-control group (CG). The training groups performed multifunctional training twice weekly (60 min; dancing aerobics, balance training, functional strength training). In the last 15 min of each session, leg strength exercises on vibration platforms were performed. The plates were switched on only in the VTG. The CG performed a low intensity gymnastic and relaxation programme (4 x 10 sessions of 60 min). BMD was measured at the hip and lumbar spine at baseline and after 12 months with the DXA method. Falls were recorded daily with the calendar method in a fall log. RESULTS: An increase in BMD at the lumbar spine was measured after one year in both training groups (VTG: + 1.17 +/- 2.4 % vs. TG: + 1.73 +/- 2.4 %). The difference between the TG and the CG was significant (p < .05). Regarding the hip region a loss was noted in the CG (- 0.9 +/- 2.5), whereas the BMD stayed stable in the training groups (TG: – 0.3 %; VTG: + 0.1 %). The fall rate was significantly lower in VTG compared to CG (0.43 falls/person/year (VTG) vs. 1.14 (CG). CONCLUSION: The multifunctional training resulted in a gain of BMD at the lumbar spine. Vibration training did not enhance the effect on bone but significantly reduced falls.
PMID: 19603365 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
PubMed.Gov
U.S. National Library of Medicine
National Institutes of Health
So this weekend, my parents brought me my own personal gym. The soloflex had stayed up in the second story of my parents hourse for years and they made the mistake of asking me if I could use it. Trying not to exert the overwhemling desperation flowing through my veins, I managed to hold off a few seconds before I responded with a definitive “yes.” So Friday, my parents and my sister came down to College Station to take away the old weight bench and drop off a pretty cool personal gym. Yeah, it’s not the most high-tech training system, but it works for a dude who doesn’t want to pay 30 dollars a month to go to a gym (that isn’t even open and HIS ideal hours) and whose schedule is so strange he doesn’t feel right about using free weights at night alone with a poppy shoulder.
I look at it as a new toy. I approached just like I woudl a video game. Without reading the instructions I decided to see if I could bench press the 50 pound straps on each side. I gradually lowered the weight until 10 pounds were on each side. At first, I felt like a complete whuss, but I did remember my father procide me with sage advice warning me to start with smaller weight. He confirmed it when I called him later by saying “It’s a little harder than you think.” It’s not like free wieghts, those bands can be pretty hard to move even if you are a stacked muscle-head. Maybe that’s why the maximum weight is only 50 pounds.
I had some time last night and before work and I’m pretty sure I’m sore because of my 30-45 minute work out. I still have the butterfly attachment hooked up and it tempts me everytime I walk by. In addition, I’m not sure where I’m going to stick my bike because the soloflex encompasses it’s old hangout. I enjoy the acquirement though. I can watch TV as I fidget with the settings and even run though several sets in a few minutes.
I just hope I dont start to resemble some sort of steroid-driven muscle-head, I’d hate for my super-wide shoulders to prevent me from passing through doors
Loss of Female Hormones Leads to Muscle Loss Tuesday, February 9, 2010 by Susan Lark Declines in muscle mass and physical strength are common effects of menopause. The drop in female hormones at menopause, particularly estrogen, doesn’t just increase body fat; it also diminishes the strength and size of muscles. This muscle loss boosts the risk for a separate set of conditions, including insulin resistance, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and traumatic injuries caused by loss of strength and athleticism. So, it’s incredibly important that menopausal women hold on to the muscle they have and, ideally, gain back the muscle they’ve already lost. To build muscle in your postmenopausal years, you must add weight training and/or resistance exercises to your natural weight loss plan and workout routine. But lifting weights is not your only option. Studies show that aquatic resistance training and using a whole-body vibration device are both excellent options. I wrote about these suggestions in great detail in the December 2009 issue of my newsletter, Women’s Wellness Today. For more information on this topic, you can subscribe and gain access to years of back issues, including this one.
Low-level mechanical vibrations can influence bone resorption and bone formation in the growing skeleton.
Xie L, Jacobson JM, Choi ES, Busa B, Donahue LR, Miller LM, Rubin CT, Judex S.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Psychology A, 3rd Floor, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2580, USA.
Short durations of extremely small magnitude, high-frequency, mechanical stimuli can promote anabolic activity in the adult skeleton. Here, it is determined if such signals can influence trabecular and cortical formative and resorptive activity in the growing skeleton, if the newly formed bone is of high quality, and if the insertion of rest periods during the loading phase would enhance the efficacy of the mechanical regimen. Eight-week-old female BALB/cByJ mice were divided into four groups, baseline control (n = 8), age-matched control (n = 10), whole-body vibration (WBV) at 45 Hz (0.3 g) for 15 min day(-1) (n = 10), and WBV that were interrupted every second by 10 of rest (WBV-R, n = 10). In vivo strain gaging of two additional mice indicated that the mechanical signal induced strain oscillations of approximately 10 microstrain on the periosteal surface of the proximal tibia. After 3 weeks of WBV, applied for 15 min each day, osteoclastic activity in the trabecular metaphysis and epiphysis of the tibia was 33% and 31% lower (P <0.05) than in age-matched controls. Bone formation rates (BFR.BS(-1)) on the endocortical surface of the metaphysis were 30% greater (P <0.05) in WBV than in age-matched control mice but trabecular and middiaphyseal BFR were not significantly altered. The insertion of rest periods (WBV-R) failed to potentiate the cellular effects. Three weeks of either WBV or WBV-R did not negatively influence body mass, bone length, or chemical bone matrix properties of the tibia. These data indicate that in the growing skeleton, short daily periods of extremely small, high-frequency mechanical signals can inhibit trabecular bone resorption, site specifically attenuate the declining levels of bone formation, and maintain a high level of matrix quality. If WBV prove to be efficacious in the growing human skeleton, they may be able to provide the basis for a non-pharmacological and safe means to increase peak bone mass and, ultimately, reduce the incidence of osteoporosis or stress fractures later in life.
PMID: 16824816 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal, QC, Canada. frauch@shriners.mcgill.ca
Whole-body vibration training is a method for muscle strengthening that is increasingly used in a variety of clinical situations. Key descriptors of vibration devices include the frequency, the amplitude, and the direction of the vibration movement. In a typical vibration session, the user stands on the device in a static position or performs dynamic movements. Most authors hypothesize that vibrations stimulate muscle spindles and alpha-motoneurons, which initiate a muscle contraction. An immediate effect of a non-exhausting vibration session is an increase in muscle power. Most studies of the longer term use of vibration treatment in various disorders have pursued three therapeutic aims: increasing muscle strength, improving balance, and increasing bone mass. In a small pilot trial in children we noted improvements in standing function, lumbar spine bone mineral density, tibial bone mass, and calf muscle cross-sectional area.
PMID: 19740225 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Pub Med. Gov
U.S. National Library of Medicine
National Institutes of Health
| (1) |
Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Linder Höhe 1, Köln, 51147, Germany |
| (2) |
Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health (IRM), Manchester Metropolitan University, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK |
Accepted: 13 November 2009 Published online: 12 December 2009
Communicated by Susan Ward.
Abstract Whilst exposure to vibration is traditionally regarded as perilous, recent research has focussed on potential benefits. Here, the physical principles of forced oscillations are discussed in relation to vibration as an exercise modality. Acute physiological responses to isolated tendon and muscle vibration and to whole body vibration exercise are reviewed, as well as the training effects upon the musculature, bone mineral density and posture. Possible applications in sports and medicine are discussed. Evidence suggests that acute vibration exercise seems to elicit a specific warm-up effect, and that vibration training seems to improve muscle power, although the potential benefits over traditional forms of resistive exercise are still unclear. Vibration training also seems to improve balance in sub-populations prone to fall, such as frail elderly people. Moreover, literature suggests that vibration is beneficial to reduce chronic lower back pain and other types of pain. Other future indications are perceivable.
A novel non-traditional physical therapy method is available for advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients that do not respond well to medications such as L-dopamine. Scientists from the Sun Life Financial Movement Disorders Research and Rehabilitation Centre from Ontario, Canada have shown that short term whole body vibration therapy significantly improves the clinical symptoms (loss of gait, tremors and akinesia) of PD patients. In this clinical study, a sample population of 40 PD patients were subject to intensive therapy for a few weeks using a Physioacoustic Chair, an sophisticated device containing speakers that are strategically placed throughout the chair in order to deliver programmed low frequency sound waves throughout the body of the patient.
This study is remarkable in the sense that acoustic therapy had a significant impact on the well being and quality of life of PD patients. In brief, the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), gait assessments and upper limb control tests showed significant improvements on gait stability and posture, increased stepping time and speed on the peg-board task, a significant decrease in tremors and less rigidity in PD patients receiving whole body vibration therapy compared to a control group that received no therapy. More importantly, this study showed that whole body vibration therapy may also be applied to PD patients that do not respond well to L-dopamine medication or deep brain stimulation, a complicated risky surgery that involves delivering mild electrical shocks to the brain via implanted electrodes. The latter technique is used as a last resort to stabilize tremors and rigidity in PD patients.
Whole body acoustic stimulation vs. conventional physical therapy for treating PD
Before this study, another previous study conducted about a year ago showed that whole vibration therapy is even more effective in reversing many of the clinical symptoms of PD patients compared to conventional physical therapy. Specifically, this particular study showed that whole body vibration therapy improved equilibrium and gait four weeks after undergoing an intensive three week regimen consisting of 15 minutes a day for five days a week.
Remarkably, this study quantitatively also suggests that whole body vibration therapy is more efficient (25% more efficient) than conventional physical therapy for partially reversing clinical symptoms in PD patients that do not respond well to L-dopamine. It will be interesting to know whether a combined therapy that uses both whole body and conventional intervention techniques has an additive/ synergistic positive effect in reversing clinical PD symptoms compared to single treatment intervention.
Whole body vibration therapy has also been used in the past to treat patients affected by neuromuscular debilitating and neurodegenerative disorders such as multiple sclerosis, stroke, cerebral palsy, Huntington’s chorea, and other movement disorders. It is not known how whole body acoustic therapy works in Parkinson’s disease patients but it is believed that high vibrational frequencies help to partially restore some of the sensory perception (proprioception) that is lost during the progression of the disease and is also used to enhance muscle coordination, a physical trait that is lost during the progression of PD. Finally, high frequency sound waves delivered via physicoacoustic devices has been shown to improve blood flow, electrical conductivity and metabolism of muscle tissue.
What is Parkinson’s disease?
PD is an age-related, relentless, chronic and incurable neurodegenerative disease that affects different regions in the brain (the midbrain) that are enriched with dopaminergic neurons, neurons that produce dopamine. A 90% loss of dopaminergic neurons in the brain results in motor impairment and muscle coordination in the affected patient. These symptoms include but are not limited to postural tremors, instability and loss of gait, slow movement (bradykinesia) or complete loss of movement (akinesia). Many of you are familiar the PD related tremors exhibited by the actor Michael J. Fox, a successful actor famous who starred in the Back to the Future movie sequels and who founded the Michael J. Fox Foundation.
To this date, there is no cure for this devastating disease that affects a little more than 1% of the total U.S. population. Over more than 90% of cases of PD have no known cause (sporadic cases). The only effective treatment so far is the administration of Levodopa, a synthetic analog of dopamine, and/or dopamine receptor agonists (bromocriptine) which efficiently alleviates tremors and bradykinesia in PD. Adjunct pharmacological therapy include administration of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (selegiline and rasagaline) and Carvidopa (an aromatic decarboxylase inhibitor) with the goal of increasing the levels of dopamine in the brain by inhibiting the enzymes involved in the breakdown of dopamine. Other more sophisticated and extremely expensive treatments include deep brain stimulation, a very complicated procedure that involves electrically inactivating small inhibitory regions of the brain in order to increase excitatory dopaminergic stimuli through electrical stimulations.
What causes Parkinson’s disease?
PD is a multi-factorial disease in which environmental and genetics play a role. One theory that has gained widespread attention in the medical and scientific community is that exposure to environmental factors, such as pesticides and oxidative stress (free radicals), lead to a rapid decline in the function of mitochondria, the energy generators and powerhouses of the cell, in dopaminergic neurons over time. Moreover, certain genes (PINK1, Parkin, DJ-1, alpha-synuclein, and Parkin) which are found to be mutated in PD patients, have been shown to lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, decrease energy production along with an increase in free radicals in animal models of PD.
Jan. 3, 11:45 am. Pittsburgh Medical Technology Examiner Ruben Dagda
Late for you, early for me
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